ABSTRACT
Comprehensibility is the most crucial factor for the design and evaluation of a sign. Evaluation of sign’s comprehensibility through appropriate method is of utmost necessity before its implementation to avoid the wrong interpretation and thereby devastating impact. Hence, a comprehensibility evaluation of a sign was attempted using the triangulation method to overcome intrinsic biases from a single method study. One important COVID-19 warning sign was shown to 50 volunteers (43 male 7 females, graduates, and non-OSH experts) who were employees of India’s leading manufacturing organization. Two different methods were used for the comprehensibility assessment of the given sign. One was in the form of a score, and the other was in the form of a short descriptive answer. Two OHS experts evaluated both types of responses. The threshold was tuned between 30 and 100%, and comprehensibility results were recorded accordingly. The given sign was found comprehensible to 40% of the volunteers in Method-1 and 48% in Method-2 when comprehensibility was judged based on the gold standard, i.e., 60% (score = 0.6). The findings of both methods were found to be almost similar and effective in evaluating comprehensibility. The triangulation using two different methods produced consistent findings and revealed high positive correlation of data between two methods (Pearson r = 0.86). Both collected data and methods were thus validated and qualified for the generalization of the observed result. Hence, researchers became confident about the results of the sign’s comprehensibility, although the sign was found less comprehensible, needing further research and redesign. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between routine childhood vaccination and the severity of COVID-19 among children.;METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 141 children (aged <=15 years), tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection.;RESULTS: COVID-19 severity (combined moderate and severe) was significantly more in males (14.5%) than females (3.8%), and in those who did not receive first and second dose of MR vaccine (57.1%, and 40%, respectively) than who received (6.3%, and 6.1%, respectively). Disease severity was more in partially immunized children (16.7%) as compared to fully immunized children (7.0%).;CONCLUSION: Children who did not receive both doses of MR vaccine had a severe infection when compared to those who were vaccinated.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between routine childhood vaccination and the severity of COVID-19 among children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 141 children (aged <=15 years), tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: COVID-19 severity (combined moderate and severe) was significantly more in males (14.5%) than females (3.8%), and in those who did not receive first and second dose of MR vaccine (57.1%, and 40%, respectively) than who received (6.3%, and 6.1%, respectively). Disease severity was more in partially immunized children (16.7%) as compared to fully immunized children (7.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Children who did not receive both doses of MR vaccine had a severe infection when compared to those who were vaccinated.
ABSTRACT
Background: Medical students play an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19 by way of disseminating knowledge regarding COVID-19 among the people. It is affected by their knowledge, attitude and practices about the disease. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 in undergraduate medical students. Methodology: A quick online survey was carried out among 316 participants with a self-designed, structured questionnaire in the form of goggle form. Cronbach’s alpha of the study instrument was 0.71. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 25. Chi-square test, Student’s t-test, ANOVA and post hoc analysis were done. Results: A total of 316 participants completed the survey questionnaire. The mean COVID-19 knowledge scorewas 18.82±2.27 and overall 90% had correct knowledge. Knowledge scores significantly (p<0.05) differed across age-groups and semesters. In post hoc analysis, mean knowledge score in 2nd semester students (18.11±2.55) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of 8th semester (19.56±1.66). Seventy percent respondents agreed that COVID-19 will finally be controlled,77.2% had confidence that India will win the battle against COVID-19, and 90% of the respondents agreed that hand washing with soap water will prevent them from getting the infection. 96.2% participants avoid crowded places, 95.2% participants wore face masks while going outside home and 97.5%frequently washed hands with soap and water. Conclusion: In this study majority undergraduate students had good knowledge, showed optimistic attitude and appropriate practice towards COVID-19. However, there is need and scope for improving knowledge and practices so that every student adopts preventive and promotive measures against COVID-19.